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9 - The Archaeology of Medieval St Andrews
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- By Derek W. Hall, Associate of the Centre for Environmental History and Policy at the University of Stirling., Catherine Smith, Archaeozoologist, currently working for Alder Archaeology.
- Edited by Katie Stevenson, Michael Brown
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- Book:
- Medieval St Andrews
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 28 April 2017
- Print publication:
- 17 February 2017, pp 173-204
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Summary
IN the thirty-four years since the production of the St Andrews burgh survey, pressure from development has ensured that there have been several opportunities for archaeological investigations in the historic town. This chapter on the archaeology of St Andrews thus aims to provide an accessible synthesis of this fieldwork in conjunction with burgh survey material.
St Andrews is a fairly compact and self-contained town. The original settlement was situated between the Kinness Burn and the sea, and slowly, by stages, the town expanded westward. By the sixteenth century, St Andrews had reached the limits defined by ports at South Street, Market Street and North Street. These three streets dominate the town plan. The cathedral and its precinct serve as a focus for the street plan and the three main streets converge on the headland with only Market Street stopping before the cathedral is reached. These can clearly be identified on Geddy's map of c.1580, which also shows the beginnings of suburban development outside the town walls at the west end of South Street. St Andrews has so far largely escaped the attentions of massive redevelopment and as such still retains its medieval streetscape. The considerable number of archaeological projects that have been carried out both within and on the fringes of the medieval town have indicated that the chances of good survival of archaeological deposits and structures are fairly high.
For our purposes, the medieval burgh has been subdivided into six areas and there is a seventh area that includes the site of the Leper hospital. The boundaries between areas are based on street frontages and natural features wherever possible.
Area 1 Golf Place/Links Crescent/City Road/Market Street/Greyfriars Garden/Murray Park/West Sands
Area 2 Murray Park/Greyfriars Garden/Market Street/Church Street/ South Street/South Castle Street/North Castle Street/The Scores/Witch Lake
Area 3 Kennedy Gardens/Kinness Burn/Bridge Street/Alexandra Place/ City Road
Area 4 Market Street/Church Street/Queens Gardens/Kinness Burn/ Bridge Street/Alexandra Place
Area 5 South Street/Queens Gardens/Kinness Burn/Abbey Street
Area 6 North Castle Street/South Castle Street/Abbey Street/Abbey Walk/East Sands
Area 7 Kinness Burn/Woodburn Terrace/Arbitrary line to west of Priestden Place/Arbitrary line to south of Priestden Road/East Sands
The data recovered from St Andrews presents a vivid picture of a small medieval town on the east coast of Scotland. As with many archaeological excavations of a medieval date, in St Andrews ceramics tend to be the most common find.
Optimizing Stressor Film Deposition Sequence in Polish Rate Order for Best Planarization
- John H Zhang, Changyong Xiao, Jay W Strane, Rajasekhar Venigalla, Laertis Economikos, Lindsey Hall, Jie Chen, Derek C Stoll, Jin Wallner, Haoren Zhuang, Paul Ferreira, Walter Kleemeier, Cindy Goldberg, Yongsik Moon, Connie Truong, John Sudijono, Xiaomeng Chen, Ron Sampson
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1335 / 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2011, mrss11-1335-o03-01
- Print publication:
- 2011
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Chemical Mechanical Polish (CMP) is one of the key technologies for the development of modern high performance integrated circuits. The requirements for the CMP uniformity get extremely demanding in order to meet the litho requirements for 32nm technology node and beyond. In this paper, two kinds of orders related to the stressor films that affect the CMP uniformity are revealed. The first is the stressor films deposition order according to the CMP polish rate of each stressor film. The second is the stress gradients order that formed inside the films sitting on top of the stressors. Through the optimization of the order, we show successfully removal of couple hundreds angstroms stressor step heights within 300mm wafer range. The method developed here can also find applications in microelectromechanical systems and 3D integration circuits.
Contributors
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- By Shamsuddin Akhtar, Greg Albert, Sidney Allison, Muhammad Anwar, Haruo Arita, Amanda Barker, Mary Hanna Bekhit, Jeanna Blitz, Tyson Bolinske, David Burbulys, Asokumar Buvanendran, Gregory Cain, Keith A. Candiotti, Daniel B. Carr, Derek Chalmers, John Charney, Rex Cheng, Roger Chou, Keun Sam Chung, Anna Clebone, Frederick Conlin, Susan Dabu-Bondoc, Tiffany Denepitiya-Balicki, Jeanette Derdemezi, Anahat Kaur Dhillon, Ho Dzung, Juan Jose Egas, Stephen M. Eskaros, Zhuang T. Fang, Claudia R. Fernandez Robles, Victor A. Filadora, Ellen Flanagan, Dan Froicu, Allison Gandey, Nehal Gatha, Boris Gelman, Christopher Gharibo, Muhammad K. Ghori, Brian Ginsberg, Michael E. Goldberg, Jeff Gudin, Thomas Halaszynski, Martin Hale, Dorothea Hall, Craig T. Hartrick, Justin Hata, Lars E. Helgeson, Joe C. Hong, Richard W. Hong, Balazs Horvath, Eric S. Hsu, Gabriel Jacobs, Jonathan S. Jahr, Rongjie Jaing, Inderjeet Singh Julka, Zeev N. Kain, Clinton Kakazu, Kianusch Kiai, Mary Keyes, Michael M. Kim, Peter G. Lacouture, Ryan Lanier, Vivian K. Lee, Mark J. Lema, Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, Imanuel Lerman, Philip Levin, Steven Levin, JinLei Li, Eric C. Lin, Sharon Lin, David A. Lindley, Ana M. Lobo, Marisa Lomanto, Mirjana Lovrincevic, Brenda C. McClain, Tariq Malik, Jure Marijic, Joseph Marino, Laura Mechtler, Alan Miller, Carly Miller, Amit Mirchandani, Sukanya Mitra, Fleurise Montecillo, James M. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Philip F. Morway, Carsten Nadjat-Haiem, Hamid Nourmand, Dana Oprea, Sunil J. Panchal, Edward J. Park, Kathleen Ji Park, Kellie Park, Parisa Partownavid, Akta Patel, Bijal Patel, Komal D. Patel, Neesa Patel, Swati Patel, Paul M. Peloso, Danielle Perret, Anthony DePlato, Marjorie Podraza Stiegler, Despina Psillides, Mamatha Punjala, Johan Raeder, Siamak Rahman, Aziz M. Razzuk, Maggy G. Riad, Kristin L. Richards, R. Todd Rinnier, Ian W. Rodger, Joseph Rosa, Abraham Rosenbaum, Alireza Sadoughi, Veena Salgar, Leslie Schechter, Michael Seneca, Yasser F. Shaheen, James H. Shull, Elizabeth Sinatra, Raymond S. Sinatra, Neil Singla, Neil Sinha, Denis V. Snegovskikh, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Julie Sramcik, Zoreh Steffens, Alexander Timchenko, Vadim Tokhner, Marc C. Torjman, Co T. Truong, Nalini Vadivelu, Ashley Vaughn, Anjali Vira, Eugene R. Viscusi, Dajie Wang, Shu-ming Wang, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford, Steven J. Weisman, Ira Whitten, Bryan S. Williams, Jeremy M. Wong, Thomas Wong, Christopher Wray, Yaw Wu, Anthony T. Yarussi, Laurie Yonemoto, Bita H. Zadeh, Jill Zafar, Martha Zegarra, Keren Ziv
- Edited by Raymond S. Sinatra, Jonathan S. Jahr, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford
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- Book:
- The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 October 2010, pp xi-xviii
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Contributors
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- By Joanne R. Adler, David A. Alexander, Laurence Alison, Catherine C. Ayoub, Peter Banister, Anthony R. Beech, Amanda Biggs, Julian Boon, Adrian Bowers, Neil Brewer, Eric Broekaert, Paula Brough, Jennifer M. Brown, Kevin Browne, Elizabeth A. Campbell, David Canter, Michael Carlin, Shihning Chou, Martin A. Conway, Claire Cooke, David Cooke, Ilse Derluyn, Robert J. Edelmann, Vincent Egan, Tom Ellis, Marie Eyre, David P. Farrington, Seena Fazel, Daniel B. Fishman, Victoria Follette, Katarina Fritzon, Elizabeth Gilchrist, Nathan D. Gillard, Renée Gobeil, Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Lynsey Gozna, Don Grubin, Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Guy Hall, Nathan Hall, Roisin Hall, Sean Hammond, Leigh Harkins, Grant T. Harris, Camilla Herbert, Robert D. Hoge, Todd E. Hogue, Clive R. Hollin, Lorraine Hope, Miranda A. H. Horvath, Kevin Howells, Carol A. Ireland, Jane L. Ireland, Mark Kebbell, Michael King, Bruce D. Kirkcaldy, Heidi La Bash, Cara Laney, William R. Lindsay, Elizabeth F. Loftus, L. E. Marshall, W. L. Marshall, James McGuire, Neil McKeganey, T. M. McMillan, Mary McMurran, Joav Merrick, Becky Milne, Joanne M. Nadkarni, Claire Nee, M. D. O’Brien, William O’Donohue, Darragh O’Neill, Jane Palmer, Adria Pearson, Derek Perkins, Devon L. L. Polaschek, Louise E. Porter, Charlotte C. Powell, Graham E. Powell, Martine Powell, Christine Puckering, Ethel Quayle, Vernon L. Quinsey, Marnie E. Rice, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard, Richard Rogers, Louis B Schlesinger, Carolyn Semmler, G. A. Serran, Ralph C. Serin, John L. Taylor, Max Taylor, Brian Thomas-Peter, Paul A. Tiffin, Graham Towl, Rosie Travers, Arlene Vetere, Graham Wagstaff, Helen Wakeling, Fiona Warren, Brandon C. Welsh, David Wexler, Margaret Wilson, Dan Yarmey, Susan Young
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 29 April 2010, pp xix-xxiii
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Development of Solid State Non-Linear Absorbers - Dyes in Polymer Hosts
- Peter V. Kolinsky, Simon R. Hall, Mark R. W. Venner, Derek F Croxall, Kevin Welford, Stewart Swatton
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 374 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 195
- Print publication:
- 1994
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This paper describes the development of high quality solid state optical components which have been made by the incorporation of the reverse saturable dye chloro aluminium phthalocyanine (CAP) into polymeric host material.
In particular, the effect of using different host materials with CAP is investigated in terms of key parameters such as solubility, integrity of the dye molecules in the polymer host, hardness of the resulting polymer, ease of polishing to the production of a good optical finish, induced stress, and non-linear absorption performance.
Results are presented highlighting the above considerations, and problems encountered in material preparation will be described together with details on how, by careful choice of guest/host combination, good optical quality samples can be produced.
Balneaves: Post-Medieval Pottery
- Derek W Hall
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society / Volume 58 / Issue S2 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 November 2017, p. 31
- Print publication:
- 1992
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Bodysherd of pottery from Pit 15
This sherd of pottery is of a thin red brown fabric with small quartz inclusions. Its internal surface has a thin white slip which gives it the impression of being very well made. It does not fît into any medieval fabric type known by the writer. On balance it seems likely that this sherd is from a vessel of eighteenth or nineteenth century date suggesting a fairly modern date for the feature concerned.